Libro
Título:CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY. SANITARYWARE
Autor:SACMI
editorial:SACMI IMOLA S.C.
edición:2010
Número de páginas:366
Nº. Ilustraciones:311
contenido temático:
- Generalidades > Tratados de Tecnología Cerámica General
- Generalidades > Procesos cerámicos. Generalidades
- Productos Cerámicos > Cerámicas tradicionales
- Resumen
- This volume illustrates the main techniques and technological aspects of the ceramic sanitaryware production process, particularly with regard to new technologies and process criticalities.
The information is arranged into chapters that reflect the different stages via which various minerals become manufactured products, beginning with raw materials and their analysis and continuing with forming, firing and a breakdown of the production process.
This book has drawn on the combined efforts, skills and experience of technologists from the Sacmi technological department and is the outcome of their endeavour to concentrate the vast know-how of a company that has led the world in innovating the ceramic process. - Índice
1. Introduction 9 1.1 Ceramic sanitaryware 9 1.2 Product classification and standards 11 2. Production process 17 2.1 historical background 17 2.2 Flow chart 22 2.3 Factory lay - out 22 3. Raw materials 25 3.1 Geological overview 25 3.1.1 Rocks 25 3.1.2 Magma 27 3.1.3 Clays and rocks 27 3.1.4 Primary rocks 28 3.2 Ceramic raw materials for bodies 32 3.2.1 Plastic raw materials 32 3.2.2 Non-plastic raw materials 47 3.3 Raw materials for glazes 57 4. Modelling and moulds 63 4.1 Design in sanitaryware 63 4.2 The modelling process 65 4.3 Making plaster moulds 74 4.3.1 Systems 77 4.3.2 Plaster for moulds 78 4.4 Porous resin moulds 80 4.4.1 Porous Resin 83 4.4.2 Drainage system 87 4.4.3 Feasibility analysis and designing the Porous Resin mould 88 4.4.4 Constructing the resin mould 90 4.4.5 Porous Resin mould maintenance 91 4.4.6 EVERES process 93 4.4.7 Main applications for resin moulds 94 5. Sanitaryware bodies 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Composition of sanitaryware bodies 95 5.3 Technological characteristics of' bodies 96 6. Glaze and engobe 103 6.1 Introduction 103 6.2 Glazes 103 6.3 Engobe 114 7. Preparation of body and glaze 115 7.1 Technological aspects 115 7.2 Body preparation processes 115 7.2.1 Vitreous China body 116 7.2.2 Fine Fire Clay and Fire Clay body 120 7.3 Body preparation department flow sheet 124 7.4 Glaze preparation process 125 7.5 Glaze preparation department flow sheet 127 7.6 Systems 128 7.6.1 Storage and hatching 128 7.6.2 Mills 131 7.6.3 Blade-type turbo-blunger 133 7.6.4 De-ironing devices 134 7.6.5 Sieving 136 7.6.6 Storage tanks 136 7.7 Wet grinding 137 7.7.1 Wet grinding theory 137 7.7.2 Discontinuous wet grinding theory with Alsing mills 139 8. Rheology 153 8.1 Rheology: basic concepts 153 8.2 Rheology of plastic raw materials (clays and kaolins) 161 8.3 Rheology of bodies 167 8.4 Rheology of glazes 171 8.5 Deflocculants 173 8.5.1 Inorganic deflocculants 175 8.5.2 Organic deflocculants 177 9. Casting 181 9.1 General technological aspects 181 9.2 Low pressure casting 188 9.2.1 Technological aspects of low pressure casting 188 9.2.2 Manual casting 195 9.2.3 Mechanised casting 196 9.2.4 Deterioration of the plaster mould 202 9.2.5 Continuous-cycle low pressure casting 203 9.3 Pressure casting 204 9.3.1 Technological aspects specific to pressure casting 204 9.3.2 SACMI high pressure casting modules: general characteristics 209 9.3.3 SACMI casting machines for WC bowls and bidets 211 9.3.4 SACMI casting machines for articles made with 2-part moulds 218 10. Drying 223 10.1 Theory of drying 223 10.2 Drying curves 236 10.3 Drying systems 241 10.4 Alternative drying techlologies 245 10.5 Piece handling automation 247 11. Finishing 251 11.1 General aspects 251 11.2 Green finishing 252 11.3 White finishing 262 12. Glazing 263 12.1 Inspection 263 12.2 Automatic glazing
264
12.2.1 Electrostatic glazing 264 12.2.2 Robotised glazing 265 12.3 Manual glazing 268 12.4 Glazing inner surfaces 268 12.4.1 Siphon glazer 269 12.4.2 Glasting 270 13. Firing 271 13.1 Chemical and mineralogical reactions 271 13.2 Firing curve 278 13.3 Re-firing 279 13.4 Kiln loading 283 13.5 Fuels used to fire sanitaryware 286 13.6 The combustion system 288 13.7 Kilns 289 13.7.1 Continuous kilns 291 13.7.2 Discontinuous kilns 297 13.8 Final checks (sorting) 302 14. Defects 309 14.1 Casting defects 310 14.2 Drying defects 317 14.3 Finishing defects 319 14.4 Glazing defects 321 14.5 Firing defects 322 14.5.1 Body defects 322 14.5.2 Glaze defects 327 15. Appendix 335 Tables and figures 335 - Notas
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